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Trends in UPS Systems
UPS is a widely used equipment to ensure power supply, and it plays an increasingly important role in IT industry.
With the protection of UPS, data security of computer system has been greatly improved, so UPS has been well received since it’s invented. The earliest UPS was a generator with a large flywheel, which had the disadvantage of low conversion efficiency. Later, it was replaced by diesel engine generator. At present, such a rotary power generator UPS is still used in some special fields, its capacity can be as high as 1000KVA.
During the development of semiconductor technology, scientists applied semiconductor technology to UPS manufacturing and invented the new-type static transform UPS, which is more advance then rotary UPS. Successful development of power transistor makes it to be widely used in small capacity UPS.
Power MOSFET has been widely used in large capacity UPS, but it’s difficult to achieve high voltage and large current, its saturation voltage drop is higher than that of transistor, so the IGBT which integrates the advantages of both transistor and power MOSFET emerges as the times require. Moreover, microprocessor is also widely used in small-capacity UPS, there’s even specific microprocessor designing for the monitor of battery, so as to monitor the battery state. UPS has developed from simple power supply in the initial stage to multi-functional application at present, it’s no longer a power supply battery, when the load computers are unattended, UPS can turn on and turn off automatically.
Static transform UPS is generally divided into offline UPS and online UPS, the two kinds of UPS have similar structures, their main difference is the working mode. Offline UPS starts the inverter only when the power supply is abnormal, while the inverter of online UPS works all the time. Offline UPS has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, its power supply quality is a little poor; Online UPS can provide high-quality power, but it’s more expensive than offline UPS.
Emergence of online interactive UPS integrates the advantages of both offline UPS and online UPS, so it’s well received in a short time. There are three main differences between online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS:
1. Voltage stabilization of UPS output voltage. Low-power online interactive UPS eliminates the fine voltage stabilization process, thus improving the reliability.
2. Switch time of online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS. Low-power online interactive UPS has a switch time of 2ms. However, when the inverter is overloaded or faulty, the load must be switched to the bypass. The switching process can not be zero. After the inverter returns normal, the load has to be switched from bypass to the inverter. Switch of many low-power UPS are implemented by relay, thus extending the switch time. Load of low-power UPS is usually a computer, and the common computer does not care about the power outage of more than ten milliseconds or even tens of milliseconds.
3. Frequency stability of online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS. Online interactive UPS would not start the inverter when the power supply is normal, it supplies the treated power. Output frequency of such an UPS changes with the frequency of power grid, namely the load receives the frequency of power grid, which makes people to feel the frequency of online interactive UPS unstable. Whether the online interactive UPS or traditional online UPS, the required frequency for input voltage is 50Hz.
With the protection of UPS, data security of computer system has been greatly improved, so UPS has been well received since it’s invented. The earliest UPS was a generator with a large flywheel, which had the disadvantage of low conversion efficiency. Later, it was replaced by diesel engine generator. At present, such a rotary power generator UPS is still used in some special fields, its capacity can be as high as 1000KVA.
During the development of semiconductor technology, scientists applied semiconductor technology to UPS manufacturing and invented the new-type static transform UPS, which is more advance then rotary UPS. Successful development of power transistor makes it to be widely used in small capacity UPS.
Power MOSFET has been widely used in large capacity UPS, but it’s difficult to achieve high voltage and large current, its saturation voltage drop is higher than that of transistor, so the IGBT which integrates the advantages of both transistor and power MOSFET emerges as the times require. Moreover, microprocessor is also widely used in small-capacity UPS, there’s even specific microprocessor designing for the monitor of battery, so as to monitor the battery state. UPS has developed from simple power supply in the initial stage to multi-functional application at present, it’s no longer a power supply battery, when the load computers are unattended, UPS can turn on and turn off automatically.
Static transform UPS is generally divided into offline UPS and online UPS, the two kinds of UPS have similar structures, their main difference is the working mode. Offline UPS starts the inverter only when the power supply is abnormal, while the inverter of online UPS works all the time. Offline UPS has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, its power supply quality is a little poor; Online UPS can provide high-quality power, but it’s more expensive than offline UPS.
Emergence of online interactive UPS integrates the advantages of both offline UPS and online UPS, so it’s well received in a short time. There are three main differences between online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS:
1. Voltage stabilization of UPS output voltage. Low-power online interactive UPS eliminates the fine voltage stabilization process, thus improving the reliability.
2. Switch time of online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS. Low-power online interactive UPS has a switch time of 2ms. However, when the inverter is overloaded or faulty, the load must be switched to the bypass. The switching process can not be zero. After the inverter returns normal, the load has to be switched from bypass to the inverter. Switch of many low-power UPS are implemented by relay, thus extending the switch time. Load of low-power UPS is usually a computer, and the common computer does not care about the power outage of more than ten milliseconds or even tens of milliseconds.
3. Frequency stability of online interactive UPS and traditional online UPS. Online interactive UPS would not start the inverter when the power supply is normal, it supplies the treated power. Output frequency of such an UPS changes with the frequency of power grid, namely the load receives the frequency of power grid, which makes people to feel the frequency of online interactive UPS unstable. Whether the online interactive UPS or traditional online UPS, the required frequency for input voltage is 50Hz.